What is Programming Language ?

 Programming Language :-

  

Language which is used to communicate with the computer to perform a specific task is called programming language. 

Levels of Programming Language

Programming language is classified in to two levels.

1. Low-level language 
2.  High-level language

   1. Low Level Language:-

Low level languages are classified in to 2 types

•  Machine language 
• Assembly Language

Machine Language:- 

The language that a microprocessor can read and interpret is called machine language.

•   It is a First generation programming language 
•  Computer can directly execute the program 
• It does not require a translator. 
•  Coding in machine language time-consuming 
•  It uses Binary digits 0 and 1. 

Assembly Language :-

 It is a programming language that uses symbolic codes called MNEMONICS for developing a program. 

•  It is a Second generation programming language 
•  It uses instruction codes so that human beings can understand easily.
•  It requires translator to convert the assembly language program into machine language program before execution. 

2. High Level Language : 

•  It is machine-independent.
•  It runs on different types of machines and operating system. 
•  High level languages are classified in to 3 types
• 
  

1) Third Generation Language 

2) Fourth Generation Language 

3) Fifth Generation Language

Third Generation Language :-

•  It is a Procedural language 
•  It uses series of English-like words.Ex: ADD stands for addition or PRINT for printing. 
•  It simplifies the program development process for programmers. 
•  The program must be converted into machine language program Examples: COBOL, Pascal, C, BASIC, C++, Java, 

Forth Generation Language : -

•  It is a Non-procedural language 
• It uses English-like words or graphical environment to retrieve data from files or database. Examples: SQL,

Fifth Generation Language:-

• It is designed to make the computer to solve the problem 
•  It is mainly used in artificial intelligence research. Examples: Prolog, Mercury

Generation of Computer Languages:-

 It is divided in to 5 generations 1) 

1) 1 GL (First Generation Language)

2) 2 GL (Second Generation Language)

3) 3 GL (Third Generation Language)

4) 4 GL (Fourth Generation Language)

5) 5 GL (Fifth Generation Language

1)1 GL (First Generation Language)

• It is a Machine language 
• It uses Binary digits 0 and 1. 
• It does not require a translator. 
• Computer can directly execute the program 
• Coding in machine language time-consuming 

2) 2 GL (Second Generation Language) 

•  It is a Assembly language 
•  It uses instruction codes so that human beings can understand easily.
•  It requires translator to convert the assembly language program into machine language program before execution. 

3) 3 GL (Third Generation Language) 

• It is a Procedural language 
•  It uses series of English-like words. Ex: ADD stands for addition or PRINT for printing. 
•  It simplifies the program development process for programmers. 
•  The program must be converted into machine language program Examples: COBOL, Pascal, C, BASIC, C++, Java, 

4.) 4 GL (Forth Generation Language )

•  It is a Non-procedural language 
•  It uses English-like words or graphical environment to retrieve data from files or database. Examples: SQL,

5.) 5 GL (Fifth Generation Language):

•   It is designed to make the computer to solve the problem